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k b d

25 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.12.10
Themes:liver·7heavy·4honor·3gravity·2organ·2
POS shape:noun·12verb·8name·2adj·2prep·1

This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*k-b-dProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎋𐎁𐎄𐎋 𐎁 𐎄— liver
Canaanite
Hebrewכָּבוֹדכ ב ד— honor
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicכְּבַדכ ב ד— to be heavy
Syriacܟܒܕܐܟ ܒ ܕ— liver
Arabic
Arabicتَكَبَّدَك ب د— to suffer, sustain, undergo, experience, endure, bear
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicከበደከ በ ደ— to be heavy, to be serious, to be difficult
Tigrinyaከባድከ በ ደ— heavy

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Ugaritic

irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas
  • kbdnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    liver
    From Proto-Semitic *kabid-.
  • kbdverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to extol
    From Proto-Semitic *kabid-.

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 2 lemmas
  • k'vadverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to be heavy
  • nouninferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Exod 29:13Wiktionary ↗
    liver
    From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”).

Classical Syriac

syc · 2 lemmas

Hebrew

he · 8 lemmas
  • kavódnounattestedT Exod.16.7Wiktionary ↗
    honor
    Related to כָּבֵד (kavéd, “heavy”).
    ▸ 5 derivations
  • kóvednounattestedT Gen.12.10Wiktionary ↗
    gravity
  • kibedverbattestedT Gen.12.10Wiktionary ↗
    to respect, to honor
  • hikhbídverbattestedT 1Kgs.12.10Wiktionary ↗
    to make heavier, to overload
  • k'vidánounattestedWiktionary ↗
    gravity, gravitation
  • likh'vódprepattestedT Exod.28.2Wiktionary ↗
    In honor of (a person or occasion), for.
    From לְ־ (l'-, “to”) + כְּבוֹד (k'vod, “honor of”).
  • ʾīḵāḇōḏnameattestedT 1Sam.14.3Wiktionary ↗
    a male given name, equivalent to English Ichabod
    From אִי (ʾī, “not”) + כָּבוֹד (kāḇōḏ, “honor”), literally "(there is) no honor".
  • kavédnouninferredT Gen.12.10Wiktionary ↗
    liver (organ of the body)
    From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”), which literally means "heavy (one)", since when washing the internal organs of slaughtered animals the liver sinks to the bottom. Compare the similar etymology of Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje, “lung”), directly from лёгкий (ljóxkij, “light”), because in contrast to the liver the lungs…

Arabic

ar · 7 lemmas
  • takabbadaverbattested☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    to suffer, sustain, undergo, experience, endure, bear
  • kābadaverbattested☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    to bear, endure, suffer from hardship of
  • kabbādnounattested☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    citron (Citrus medica fruit and tree)
  • kubādnounattested☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    disease of the liver
  • kabbadaverbinferred☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    to charge with, to incur
    From Proto-Semitic. Related to Akkadian 𒅗𒁀𒌈 (kabātum) and Ge'ez ክቡድ (kəbud).
  • kabidnouninferred☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    liver (“organ”)
    From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew כָּבֵד (kɔḇeḏ) and Amharic ጉበት (gubät).
  • wīkībīdiyānameinferred☪︎ Q.90:4Wiktionary ↗
    Wikipedia

Amharic

am · 2 lemmas
  • käbädäverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to be heavy, to be serious, to be difficult
  • käbadadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    difficult, heavy, serious

Tigrinya

ti · 2 lemmas

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with k-b-d

Compare two languages side-by-side

ug ↔ arcug ↔ sycug ↔ heug ↔ arug ↔ am