g l g
20 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Josh.5.9
Themes:gilgamesh·3gulgullum·2king· مَلِك · מֶלֶךְ·2uruk·2life·2
POS shape:noun·15name·4verb·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-l-gProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiangulgulg l g— construct state of gulgullum
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewגַּלְגַּלג ל ג— wheel
Phoenician𐤂𐤋𐤂𐤋𐤂 𐤋 𐤂
Aramaic
Assyrian NAܓܸܠܓܵܡܝܼܫܓ ܠ ܓ— Gilgamesh (legendary king of Uruk)
Arabic
Arabicجُلْجُثَةج ل ج— Golgotha
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicገላጋይገ ለ ገ— peacemaker
Tigrinyaኣገልጋሊገ ለ ገ— aid
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 4 lemmas- construct state of gulgullum
- Gilgamesh (a Sumerian king of early dynastic Uruk, later made an epic hero)From Sumerian 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌 (“Gilgameš”).
- Non-mimated form of gulgullum
- skullCognate with Arabic جُمْجُمَة (jumjuma) and Biblical Hebrew גֻּלְגֹּ֫לֶת (gulgólɛṯ). Compare also Egyptian DA-DA-D1:Z1 (ḏꜣḏꜣ, “head”).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemmaAssyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 1 lemma- Gilgamesh (legendary king of Uruk)Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒀭𒄑 (Gilgāmeš), from Sumerian 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌 (ᵈgilgameš₂ /Gilgameš/, “Gilgameš”, literally “the ancestral hero”). Native folk etymology explains this as ܓܸܠܕ (gild, “skin of”) + ܓܵܡܘܿܫܵܐ (gāmōšā, “buffalo bull”); compare Classical Syriac ܓܠܝܓܡܘܣ (glīgmōs), Arabic جِلْجَامِش (jiljāmiš) and…
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܗܘܼܡܵܣܵܐ ܕܓܸܠܓܵܡܸܫhummāsā dgilgāmiš
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- wheel
- defective spelling of גילגל.
- geologist (male, or ungendered)Originally from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, study”), likely via various Slavic languages—e.g. geolog, гео́лог (geólog), гео́лог (heóloh)—from which it was borrowed by Jewish bilingual speakers as Yiddish געאָלאָג (geolog), whence it made its way into…
- plural indefinite form of גַּלְגַּל (gálgal)
- plural indefinite form of מוּגְל
- geologyFrom New Latin geologia. By surface analysis, גֵּאוֹ־ (geo-) + ־לוֹגְיָה (-lógya).
- eyeball
- A life preserver, a life-buoy.From גַּלְגַּל (galgál, “wheel of”) + הַצָּלָה (hatsalá, “rescue”). Calque of German Rettungsring.
Arabic
ar · 2 lemmas- GolgothaFrom the Greek Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ) from the Hebrew גּלגּלת.
- Gilgamesh
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- peacemaker
- kid
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- aid
- plural of ኣገልጋሊ (ʾagälgali)