y d ʿ
33 lemmas · 7 languages
I-weakFirst consonant is w or y. In Arabic these often elide in the imperfect (w-ṣ-l → yaṣilu 'arrives'). Hebrew roots in pe-yod/pe-waw.T Gen.3.5
Themes:know· عَرَفَ · יָדַע·7knowledge·7known·3information·2fact·2
POS shape:verb·16noun·15adj·2
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*w-d-ʿProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎊𐎄𐎓𐎊 𐎄 𐎓— to know
Canaanite
Hebrewדֵּעָהי ד ע— opinion, point of view
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicיְדַעי ד ע— to know
Syriacܝܕܥܝ ܕ ܥ— to know
Assyrian NAܝܵܕ݂ܹܥܝ ܕ ܥ— to know (information; a fact)
Arabic
Arabicيُودِعُي د ع
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩺𐩵𐩲𐩺 𐩵 𐩲— to know
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- to knowCognate with Hebrew יָדַע (yāḏaʿ, “to know”).
- learnedCognate with Hebrew יָדַע (yāḏaʿ, “to know”).
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- to know
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to know
Classical Syriac
syc · 5 lemmas- to knowFrom Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ-.
- knowledge, intelligence, intellectFrom the root ܝ ܕ ܥ related to knowing. Compare Hebrew מַדָּע (maddāʿ).
- knowledge, demonstration, narrationFrom the root ܝ ܕ ܥ related to knowing. The sense of "predicate" is a calque of Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).
- notificationFrom the root ܝ ܕ ܥ related to knowing; compare Hebrew מֵידְעָנוּת (mêḏʿānûṯ).
- knowledge, informationCompare Hebrew דַּעַת (daʿaṯ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to know (information; a fact)Inherited from Aramaic יְדַע (yəḏaʿ), Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ-; compare Hebrew יָדַע (yadá), Arabic وَدَعَ (wadaʕa) and Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܠܵܐ ܟܝܼlā kī
- to inform, announce, make known, let knowCausitive stem of the verb ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ, “to know”); compare Hebrew הוֹדִיעַ (hodía).
- mark, symbol, sign (indication for reference or measurement)Compare Hebrew יֶדַע (yéda, “knowledge”).
- instance of knowing; knowledgeInstance noun of ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ, “to know”); compare Hebrew יְדִיעָה (yedi'á).
- mediaNeologism coined in the D/pael stem verbal noun pattern.
- to signify, symbolizeShaphel stem of the verb ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ, “to know”).
- knowledgeFrom the older form ܝܕ݂ܲܥܬ݂ܵܐ (yəḏaʕtā). Compare Hebrew דַּעַת (da'át).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܐܝܼܕ݂ܲܥܬܵܐ ܡܩܲܕܡܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐīḏaˁtā mqadmānīṯā
- derivedܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܲܕ݂̈ܥܵܬ݂ܵܐkṯāḇā d-yaḏˁāṯā
- derivedܚܘܼܕ݂ܪܵܐ ܕܝܲܕ݂̈ܥܵܬ݂ܵܐḥuḏrā d-yaḏˁāṯā
- tariffCalque of Arabic تَعْرِيفَة (taʕrīfa), from the verb ܡܲܕܸܥ (maddiˁ, “to inform”) as a substitute for the Arabism ܬܲܥܪܝܼܦܵܐ (taˁrīpā).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- opinion, point of viewFormed as יְדֵעָה* with the first syllable being erased. Compare לידה / לֵדָה (ledá, “birth”), which underwent the same change.
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedדֵּעָה קְדוּמָהde'á kdumá
- derivedלְדַעַת־l'dá'at
- derivedלפי דעתיl'fí da'atí
- mind
▸ 7 derivations
- derivedדַּעַת קָהָלdá'at kahál
- derivedהיסח הדעתheséakh hadá'at
- derivedהֶסֵּחַ הַדַּעַתheséakh hadá'at
- derivedקַל דַּעַתkal dá'at
- derivedפְּזוּר דַּעַתp'zur dá'at
- derivedפיזור הדעתpizúr hadá'at
- derivedפִּזּוּר הַדַּעַתpizúr hadá'at
- Knowledge: that which is known (to a given knower).From Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ- (to know), cognate with Aramaic ידע (“know”), Phoenician 𐤉𐤃𐤏 (ydʿ, “know”), Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm, “to know”), Ugaritic 𐎊𐎄𐎓 (ydʿ, “know”), Qatabanian 𐩺𐩵𐩲 (ydʿ, “find out”), and Arabic دَعَا (daʕā, “to call on for help, to seek directions, to find the means or a way”) by metathesis.
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ צוּרַת א׳einó yodéa' tzurát álef
- derivedמַדּוּעַmadúa
- relatedהִכִּיר to be familiar withhikír
- relatedto know
- To know (a fact).From Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ- (to know), cognate with Aramaic ידע (“know”), Phoenician 𐤉𐤃𐤏 (ydʿ, “know”), Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm, “to know”), Ugaritic 𐎊𐎄𐎓 (ydʿ, “know”), Qatabanian 𐩺𐩵𐩲 (ydʿ, “find out”), and Arabic دَعَا (daʕā, “to call on for help, to seek directions, to find the means or a way”) by metathesis.
- defective spelling of יידעFrom Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ- (to know), cognate with Aramaic ידע (“know”), Phoenician 𐤉𐤃𐤏 (ydʿ, “know”), Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm, “to know”), Ugaritic 𐎊𐎄𐎓 (ydʿ, “know”), Qatabanian 𐩺𐩵𐩲 (ydʿ, “find out”), and Arabic دَعَا (daʕā, “to call on for help, to seek directions, to find the means or a way”) by metathesis.
- defective spelling of יודעFrom Proto-Semitic *wadaʕ- (to know), cognate with Aramaic ידע (“know”), Phoenician 𐤉𐤃𐤏 (ydʿ, “know”), Akkadian 𒍪 (edûm, “to know”), Ugaritic 𐎊𐎄𐎓 (ydʿ, “know”), Qatabanian 𐩺𐩵𐩲 (ydʿ, “find out”), and Arabic دَعَا (daʕā, “to call on for help, to seek directions, to find the means or a way”) by metathesis.
- science (the collective discipline of study or learning acquired through the scientific method; the sum of knowledge gained from such methods and discipline)
- known, famous
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- verbal noun of أَوْدَعَ (ʔawdaʕa) (form IV)Verbal noun of أَوْدَعَ (ʔawdaʕa).
- saying goodbyeVerbal noun of وَدَّعَ (waddaʕa).