d y n
25 lemmas · 7 languages
hollow (II-weak)Middle consonant is w or y. The vowel contracts in the perfect (q-w-l → qāla 'said'), producing a 'hollow' surface. Known as mediae infirmae.T Gen.25.2
Themes:judge·4judgement·3yet·2however·2law·2
POS shape:noun·11verb·5name·4adv·1conj·1particle·1root·1adj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*d-w-nProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎄𐎊𐎐 .𐎄 𐎊 𐎐— to judge
Canaanite
Hebrewדִּיןד י ן— judgement; law (a written or understood rule)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicדיןד י נ— yet
Syriacܕܝܢܕ ܝ ܢ— indicates a shift in topic, sometimes translated as: but, and, now, however but often left untranslated.
Assyrian NAܕܹܝܢܵܪܵܐܕ ܝ ܢ— denarius
Arabic
Arabicدَانَد ي ن— to owe (money)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicዳኛד י ן— judge
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- to judge
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- yetBorrowed from Ancient Greek δέ (dé).
- yet, but, howeverBorrowed from Ancient Greek δέ (dé).
- judgement, sentenceCognate with Arabic دِين (dīn), Amharic ዳኛ (daña), Hebrew דין and Ugaritic 𐎄𐎊𐎐 (dyn).
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- indicates a shift in topic, sometimes translated as: but, and, now, however but often left untranslated.From the older form ܐܳܕܺܝܢ not present in Syriac. Influenced heavily by Ancient Greek δέ (dé).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 2 lemmas- denariusInherited from Aramaic דֵּינָרָא (dēnārā), from Ancient Greek δηνάριον (dēnárion), ultimately from Latin dēnārius; compare also borrowed into Arabic دِينَار (dīnār) and Hebrew דִּינָר (dinár).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܦܘܼܠܣܵܐpulsā
- dinosaurBorrowed from Arabic دِينَاصَوْر (dīnāṣawr), from French dinosaure, from English dinosaur, which was coined from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “fearsome”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard”).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- judgement; law (a written or understood rule)Cognate with Arabic دِين (dīn), Aramaic דִּינָא (dīnā), Amharic ዳኛ (daña) and Ugaritic 𐎄𐎊𐎐 (dyn).
▸ 8 derivations
- derivedאין דין ואין דיין'éin dín v'éin dayán
- derivedאֵין דִּין וְאֵין דַּיָּן'éin dín v'éin dayán
- derivedבית דין
- derivedבַּעַל דִּיןba'al dín
- derivedדִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹןdin v'kheshbón
- derivedיוֹם הַדִּיןyom hadin
- derivedעוֹרֵך דִּיןorékh din
- derivedעֲרִיכַת דִיןarikhát dín
- judge, juristCognate with Arabic دَيَّان (dayyān), Aramaic דַּיָּנָא (dayyānā).
- a surname, Dayan, originating as an occupationCognate with Arabic دَيَّان (dayyān), Aramaic דַּיָּנָא (dayyānā).
- state (sovereign polity)Likely borrowed from Aramaic מְדִינְתָּא (məḏīntā), itself formed from the root of דין (“to judge”), denoting the place where judgement takes place. Cognate with Arabic مَدِينَة (madīna, “city”).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedחֶבֶר הַמְדִינוֹתkhéver ha-m'dinót
- derivedמְדִינִיm'diní
- derivedמְדִינַת חַיִץmedinát cháitz
- derivedמְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵלmedinát yisra'él
- MedinaLikely borrowed from Aramaic מְדִינְתָּא (məḏīntā), itself formed from the root of דין (“to judge”), denoting the place where judgement takes place. Cognate with Arabic مَدِينَة (madīna, “city”).
- a male given name, Dean
- a male given name, Midian
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedמ־ דין
- Related to judgement, deliberation, law.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to owe (money)From the root د ي ن (d y n). Compare Hebrew דן.
- to loan, to lend, to advanceCausative of the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to be a debtor”).
- verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna) (form I)
- to lend on credit
- verbal noun of تَدَيَّنَ (tadayyana) (form V)
- judge (said of God)From the root د ي ن (d y n). Compare Akkadian 𒁲𒋻 (dayyānum), Biblical Hebrew דַּיָּן (dayyān, “judge”), Ge'ez ዳንያ (danya) and Aramaic דינא (dayyānā).
- piousFrom the root د ي ن (d y n). Compare Akkadian 𒁲𒋻 (dayyānum), Biblical Hebrew דַּיָּן (dayyān, “judge”), Ge'ez ዳንያ (danya) and Aramaic דינא (dayyānā).
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- judgeCognate with Arabic دِين (dīn), Aramaic דִּינָא (dīnā), Hebrew דין and Ugaritic 𐎄𐎊𐎐 (dyn).
- arbitration