m d n
23 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular𐡀 tg. Jon. Judg 8:10
Themes:east·4eastern·3asia·3city· مَدِينَة · עִיר·3medina·3
POS shape:noun·12name·6adj·3verb·2
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*m-d-nProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎎𐎄𐎐𐎚𐎎 𐎄 𐎐— town
Canaanite
Hebrewיוֹם הַדִּיןמ ד נ— Yom HaDin
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicמדנחאמ ד נ— east
Syriacܡܕܢܐܡ ܕ ܢ— wine cellar, storeroom
Assyrian NAܡܲܕܵܢܵܐܡ ܕ ܢ— winery
Arabic
Arabicتَمَدُّنم د ن— verbal noun of تَمَدَّنَ (tamaddana) (form V)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezመዲናመ ደ ነ— Medina
Amharicማደንመ ደ ነ— to hunt
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- townCompare Hebrew מְדִינָה (məḏīnā), Aramaic מְדִינְתָא (məḏīnəṯā), Arabic مَدِينَة (madīna).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- east
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- wine cellar, storeroomUncertain. Possibilities include:
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܒܝܬ ܡܕܢܐbēṯ maddānā
- stadium, arenaFrom Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), an Iranian borrowing.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- wineryInherited from Aramaic [Term?], from either Akkadian 𒉘𒈨𒌍 (/maddattu, middattu/, “measure of capacity, container”) or Akkadian 𒂁𒆗𒉡 (/dannu/, “storage vat mostly for storing beer and wine”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܒܹܝܬ݂ ܡܲܕܵܢܹ̈ܐbēṯ maddānē
- construct state of ܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܐ (maḏnḥā, “east”)
- eastern, orientalFrom ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ (madnḥā, “east”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- easternerFrom ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ (madnḥā, “east”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- Eastern Syriac scriptFrom ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ (madnḥā, “east”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- Middle Eastern
- East Timor: a country in Southeast Asia; official name: Democratic Republic of Timor-LesteFrom ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ (mādenḳa, “east”) + ܬܝܼܡܘܿܪ (tīmor, “Timor”).
- Middle East (the geopolitical region at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe, comprising West Asia excluding the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt and all of Turkey)Calque of English Middle East
Hebrew
he · 1 lemma- Yom HaDin
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedנֶשֶׁק יוֹם הַדִּיןnéshek yom hadín
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- verbal noun of تَمَدَّنَ (tamaddana) (form V)
- town, cityBorrowed from Aramaic מְדִינְתָּא (məḏīntā). Cognate with Hebrew מדינה (məḏînâ, “state”), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎄𐎐𐎚 (mdnt). The root م د ن (m d n) is denominal.
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedالْمَدِينَةal-madīna
- derivedمَدِينِيّmadīniyy
- relatedبَلَدbalad
- relatedقَرْيَةqarya
- Medina (a major city, the capital of Medina province, Saudi Arabia; holy to Islam)Etymology tree
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedمَدِينَةmadīna
- definite singular of مَدِينَة (madīna)Etymology tree
- plural of مَدِينَة (madīna)
- to become urbanized
- urbanمَدِينَة (madīna, “city”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
- urbanite, city dwellerمَدِينَة (madīna, “city”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- Medina
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- to hunt