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b y n

26 lemmas · 7 languages
hollow (II-weak)Middle consonant is w or y. The vowel contracts in the perfect (q-w-l → qāla 'said'), producing a 'hollow' surface. Known as mediae infirmae.T Gen.4.25
Themes:between·10understanding·3among·3son· اِبْن · בֵּן·2amid·2
POS shape:noun·8verb·6prep·5adj·4prefix·1name·1phrase·1

This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*b-w-nProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎁𐎊𐎐𐎚𐎁 𐎊 𐎐— understanding
Canaanite
Hebrewבָּןב י ן— to understand.
Phoenician𐤁𐤉𐤍𐤁 𐤉 𐤍— son
Punic𐤁𐤉𐤍𐤁 𐤉 𐤍— son
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaic𐡁𐡉𐡍ב י ן— between
Assyrian NAܒܲܝܢܵܐܒ ܝ ܢ— appearance, apparition
Arabic
Arabicبَانَب ي ن— to separate, to become distinct, to sunder

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Ugaritic

irregular reflexug · 1 lemma
  • byntnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    understanding
    Compare Hebrew בִּינָה (bīnā).

Phoenician

irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma

Punic

irregular reflexpun · 1 lemma

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 2 lemmas
  • bēnprepinferredWiktionary ↗
    between
    Compare Hebrew בֵּין (bein) and Arabic بَيْنَ (bayna).
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • prepinferredWiktionary ↗
    between, among

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 6 lemmas
  • baynānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    appearance, apparition
  • bēnprepinferredWiktionary ↗
    between
    Compare Arabic بَيْنَ (bayna) and Hebrew בֵּין (bēn).
  • baynayprefixinferredWiktionary ↗
    inter-; between, amid, among
    Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, doublet of the native ܒܹܝܢ (bēn).
  • bēnāṯānameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Benatha (a historically Assyrian town in northern Iraq, located in the Sapna valley)
    Contraction of ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܥܲܝ̈ܢܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (bēṯ ˁaynawwāṯā), literally “place of springs”.
  • baynay umtānāyāadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    international (between, concerning, or transcending multiple nations)
    Calque of English international, from ܒܲܝܢܲܝ (baynay, “between; inter-”) + ܐܘܼܡܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ (umtānāyā, “national”).
  • bēn marzaptā w-saddānāphraseinferredWiktionary ↗
    literally “between the hammer and the anvil”, caught between the devil and the deep blue sea, between a rock and a hard place

Hebrew

he · 7 lemmas

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • bānaverbattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    to separate, to become distinct, to sunder
  • baynaprepattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    between (“in the position or interval that separates two things”)
    Compare with Hebrew בֵּין (béin), Aramaic 𐡁𐡉𐡍 (byn /⁠bēn⁠/), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎐 (bn), Ge'ez በይነ (bäynä), Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn), 𐩨𐩬 (bn). Synchronically like an adverbial accusative of بَيْن (bayn, “interstice”) from the root ب ي ن (b y n).
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • baynnounattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    verbal noun of بَانَ (bāna, “to be separated”) (form I) – separation, division
  • bayyanaverbattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    to make clear, to explain, to outline, to illustrate, to spell out
  • bayyinadjattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    clear, evident, perspicuous
  • ʔabānaverbattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    to explain; to account for; to expound; to elucidate
  • bayānnounattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    verbal noun of بَانَ (bāna) (form I)
  • bayyinaadjattested☪︎ Q.2:66Wiktionary ↗
    feminine singular of بَيِّن (bayyin)

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with b-y-n

Compare two languages side-by-side

ug ↔ phnug ↔ punug ↔ arcug ↔ aiiug ↔ he