ṣ b ʾ
18 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Exod.12.41
Themes:desire·4military·4wish·2armed·2forces·2
POS shape:noun·13verb·3adj·2
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ṣ-b-ʾProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎕𐎁𐎛𐎎𐎕 𐎁 𐎛— troops
Canaanite
Hebrewצָבָאצ ב א— a military (armed forces)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicצבאצ ב א— to desire, to will, to wish
Syriacܨܒܝܢܐܨ ܒ ܐ— desire, will
Assyrian NAܨܵܒ݂ܹܐܨ ܒ ܐ— to desire, to will, to wish
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezጸባኢጸ በ አ— soldier, warrior, fighter
Tigrinyaጸባጸ በ አ— milk
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- troopsCompare Hebrew צָבָא (ṣāḇā).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to desire, to will, to wish
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- desire, willFrom the root ܨ ܒ ܐ related to willing.
- willFrom ܨܒܝܢܝܐ (ṣeḇyānāyā, “willing, voluntary”), from ܨܒܝܢܐ (ṣeḇyānā, “will, desire”), from the root ܨ ܒ ܐ related to willing + the abstract noun suffix -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 4 lemmas- to desire, to will, to wishInherited from Aramaic צְבָא (ṣəḇā).
- case, matter, business, affair
- desire, willsDerived from the verb ܨܵܒ݂ܹܐ (ṣāḇē, “to be willing; to desire”) of the noun pattern 1i23ānā.
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܨܸܒ݂ܝܵܢܵܝܵܐṣiḇyānāyā
- derivedܨܸܒ݂ܝܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ṣiḇyānāˀīṯ
- volunteerActive noun of ܡܸܨܛܒ݂ܹܐ (miṣṭḇē), with the elements ܡܸܬ݂- (miṯ-, “-able; due to be”) + ܨܵܒ݂ܹܐ (ṣāḇē, “to be willing; to desire”) + -ܢܐ (-ānā, active noun ending).
Hebrew
he · 6 lemmas- a military (armed forces)Cognate with Akkadian 𒂟 (ṣābum, “soldier, gang”) and Arabic صَبًّا (ṣabban, “abundance”).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedצְבָא הֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵלts'vá haganá l'yisra'él
- derivedצְבָאִי
- derivedצְבָאָנִי
- To assemble, particularly to muster for military serviceCognate with Akkadian 𒂟 (ṣābum, “soldier, gang”) and Arabic صَبًّا (ṣabban, “abundance”).
- Military: of or relating to a military.From צָבָא (tsavá) + ־י (-í).
- militaristicFrom צָבָא (tsavá) + ־ָנִי (-aní).
- epithet of the God of Israel (Sabaoth)
- plural construct state form of צָבָא (tsaváʾ)
Ge'ez
gez · 3 lemmas- soldier, warrior, fighter. See ጸብእ (ṣäbʾ).
- army, armed forces. Possibly cognate with Hebrew צָבָא (“military, army, host”).
- castle, fortress, citadelSee ጸብእ (ṣäbʾ).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- milk