ʾ š t
22 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.11.29
Themes:six· سِتَّة · שֵׁשׁ·4fire· نَار · אֵשׁ·3fever·3ish·2
POS shape:noun·10num·5verb·3numeral·3name·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-š-tProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎛𐎌𐎚𐎛 𐎌 𐎚— fire
Canaanite
Hebrewאֵשֶׁתא ש ת— singular construct state form of אישה / אִשָּׁה (ishá)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאשתאא ש ת— fever, fire
Syriacܐܫܬܐܐ ܫ ܬ— fever, fire
Assyrian NAܐܵܫܝܼܬ݂ܵܐܐ ܫ ܬ— avalanche
Turoyoܐܫܬܐܐ ܫ ܬ— six
Arabic
Arabicأَشْتَطِطْء ش ت
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- fireFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔiš- (“fire”).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- fever, fireFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔiš- (“fire”).
- to drinkIrregular past tense with epenthetic ʾi-. Cognate with Hebrew שָׁתָה (shatá, šāṯā).
- burn, be burnedFrom the root שׂ־ר־ף.
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- fever, fireFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔiš- (“fire”).
- alternative form of ܫܬܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- avalancheInherited from Aramaic, borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒊓𒄿𒌅 (/asītu/, “tower, stack”). From the older meaning “column, wall, mound,” and then specialized into “avalanche”. Described already in Toma Audo’s “Treasure of the Syriac Language” with the meaning of “avalanche” in the classical variant form Classical Syriac…
- Ashitha (a historically Assyrian village in Turkey, located in the district of Tyari, in the region of Hakkari)Inherited from Aramaic, borrowed from Akkadian 𒀀𒊓𒄿𒌅 (/asītu/, “tower, stack”). From the older meaning “column, wall, mound,” and then specialized into “avalanche”. Described already in Toma Audo’s “Treasure of the Syriac Language” with the meaning of “avalanche” in the classical variant form Classical Syriac…
- feminine of ܐܸܫܬܵܐ (ištā) six (6)From Aramaic שֵׁית (šeṯṯ), from Proto-Semitic *šidṯat-; compare Arabic سِتّ (sitt) and Hebrew שֵׁשׁ (shésh).
- bottom, base, foundationInherited from Aramaic אֵשְׁתָּא (ʾeštā), from Proto-Semitic *ʕašt- (“one”); compare Arabic اِسْت (ist, “bottom”) and Hebrew שֵׁת (shet, “bottom”), Biblical Hebrew עַשְׁתֵּי (ʿashtē, “one”) and Akkadian 𒁹 (ištēn, “one”).
- fever (a higher than normal body temperature of a person (or, generally, a mammal), usually caused by disease)Inherited from Aramaic אֶשָּׁתָא (ʾeššāṯā, “fire”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔiš- (“fire”); compare Classical Syriac ܐܸܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (“fever”), Arabic أُسٌّ (ʔussun, “remains of ashes; foundation of a campsite”), Hebrew אֵשׁ (esh, “fire”) and Akkadian 𒉈 (išātum, “fire”).
- masculine construct state of ܐܸܫܬܵܐ (ištā, “six”)
- sixty (60)From Aramaic שְׁתִּין (šətīn), from Proto-Semitic *šidθū-; compare Arabic سِتُّونَ (sittūna) and Hebrew שִׁשִּׁים (shishím).
- six hundred (600)Inherited from Aramaic שֵׁתְמְאָא (šeṯṯməʾā), by surface analysis, ܐܸܫܬܵܐ (ištā, “six”) + ܐܸܡܐܵܐ (imˀā, “hundred”).
Hebrew
he · 2 lemmas- singular construct state form of אישה / אִשָּׁה (ishá)
- singular form of אִשָּׁה (ishá) with third-person masculine singular personal pronoun as possessor.
Arabic
ar · 3 lemmas- captain, or specifically a supercargoFrom Aramaic אִישְׁתְּיָאמָא (ʾištyāmā) / ܐܸܫܬܝܵܡܵܐ (ʾeštyāmā, “captain”), assumed to be from Akkadian 𒊮𒌓 (ŠA₃.TAM /šatammu/, “administrator, chief accountant”), from Sumerian 𒊮𒌓 (ŠA₃.TAM /šatam/, “auditor, administration official”), having passed into Aramaic as */šətammā/ → */šətēmā/ → /ištēmā/, then…
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities includeFrom Classical Persian اشترخار (ušturxār, literally “camel thorn”).
Turoyo
tru · 3 lemmas- six
- fifty
- sixteen