s g d
20 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Dan.2.46
Themes:worship·6mosque·5bow·2
POS shape:noun·12verb·6name·1adj·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*s-g-dProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewסָגַדס ג ד— to bow down, worship, honor
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicסגדס ג ד— to worship
Syriacܡܣܓܕܐܣ ܓ ܕ— worship
Assyrian NAܣܵܓ݂ܹܕܣ ܓ ܕ— to worship
Arabic
Arabicسَجَدَس ج د— to prostrate oneself, to bow down
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezስግድሰ ገ ደ— almond tree
Amharicመስጊድሰ ገ ד— mosque
Tigrinyaመስጊድሰ ገ ደ— mosque
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to worship
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- worshipFrom the root ܣ ܓ ܕ related to worshipping. Compare Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), and Hebrew מִסְגָּד (misgāḏ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 3 lemmas- to worshipFrom Aramaic סְגַד (səḡaḏ, “to bow down in respect”); compare Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada) and Hebrew סָגַד (sagád).
- mosque, masjidFrom Aramaic מַסגְדָא (masgəḏā), a noun of place from the verb ܣܵܓ݂ܹܕ݂ (sāḡēḏ, “to prostrate, worship”). The sense of “mosque” is a semantic loan from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid) of which itself borrowed from Aramaic; compare Hebrew מִסְגָּד (misgád).
- place of worshipLiterally, “House of worshipping”. Diverged from ܡܲܣܓܕ݂ܵܐ (masgḏā) now only used in the sense of “mosque”.
Hebrew
he · 4 lemmas- to bow down, worship, honor
- mosqueCalque of Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid): formed in modern times by applying the pattern מִקְטָל (“place”) to סָגַד (sagád, “to bow down, prostrate”), which is cognate with Arabic سَجَدَ (sajada).
- Bowing down, kneeling chiefly as part of worship.
- Sigd (a holiday of the Beta Israel Ethiopian Jews, celebrated on the 29th day of Cheshvan)From Ge'ez ሰግድ (sägd, “prostration”).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to prostrate oneself, to bow downFrom Aramaic סְגִד (“to bow down in respect”), likely via or at least semantically influenced by Classical Syriac ܣܓܶܕ (sg̱ed), developing further in Arabic as the root س ج د (s j d). See the cognate Hebrew סגד (sagád).
- inflection of سَاجِد (sājid):From Aramaic סְגִד (“to bow down in respect”), likely via or at least semantically influenced by Classical Syriac ܣܓܶܕ (sg̱ed), developing further in Arabic as the root س ج د (s j d). See the cognate Hebrew סגד (sagád).
- prostrationس ج د (s j d)
- goldAccording to Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou “without doubt” from an elative from the root س ج د (s j d), meaning originally aught “most worthy of bowing down”.
- mosqueNoun of place from the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow down”), from the root س ج د (s j d). Likely borrowed from a regional Aramaic term for a place of worship, attested in Nabataean Aramaic 𐢓𐢖𐢄𐢅𐢀 (msgdʾ) and in Imperial Aramaic 𐡌𐡎𐡂𐡃𐡀 (msgdʾ) already in the 5th century BCE, the emphatic state of which seems to underlie…
- carpetTool noun based on the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow in reverence”).
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- almond treeBorrowed from Aramaic שִׁגּדּא (šigdā) / שִׁיגּדּא (šigdā) / ܫܓܕܐ (šegdā), akin to Hebrew שָׁקֵד (šāqḗḏ).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- mosqueBorrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- mosqueBorrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).