g w z
17 lemmas · 8 languages
hollow (II-weak)Middle consonant is w or y. The vowel contracts in the perfect (q-w-l → qāla 'said'), producing a 'hollow' surface. Known as mediae infirmae.T Deut.18.4
Themes:pass·5walnut·4nut·2nutmeg·2traverse·2
POS shape:noun·10verb·7
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-w-zProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewגָּזג ו ז— gas
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicגוזאג ו ז— walnut
Syriacܓܘܙܐܓ ܘ ܙ— nut (tree and fruit; especially walnut)
Assyrian NAܓܲܘܙܵܐܓ ܘ ܙ— walnut
Arabic
Arabicجَازَج و ز— to pass, pass by
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩴𐩥𐩸𐩴 𐩥 𐩸— go
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezገውዝገ ወ ዘ— walnut
Amharicገውዝገ ወ ዘ— nut in general (even nutmeg)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Old South Arabian
irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma- go
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- walnut
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- nut (tree and fruit; especially walnut)From Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭦 (gwc /gōz/, “walnut”). Compare Arabic جَوْز (jawz) and Hebrew אֱגוֹז (ʾĕḡôz).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 2 lemmas- walnutInherited from Aramaic [Term?], from Middle Persian 𐭢𐭥𐭦 (gwc /gōz/, “walnut”); compare Arabic جَوْز (jawz), Persian گوز (gowz) and Hebrew אֱגוֹז (egóz).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܓܲܘܙܵܢܵܐgawzānā
- derivedܬܵܒ݂ܘܿܪ ܓܲܘܙܹ̈ܐtāḇōr gawzē
- nutmegCalque of Arabic جَوْز الهِنْد (jawz al-hind, “coconut”, literally “walnut of India”) through Persian جوز هندی (jowz-e hendi, “nutmeg”, literally “Indian walnut”).
Hebrew
he · 2 lemmas- gasUltimately from French gaz, itself from Dutch gas.
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedתָּא גָּזta gáz
- derivedתָּא גָּזִיםta gázim
- to pass by
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to pass, pass by
- to allow, permit
- to traverse, to cross
- to cross, to pass beyond
- permission, authorization
- to pass, to traverse
- verbal noun of تَجَاوَزَ (tajāwaza) (form VI)Verbal noun of تَجَاوَزَ (tajāwaza).
- verbal noun of جَوَّزَ (jawwaza) (form II)Verbal noun of جَوَّزَ (jawwaza).
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- walnutBorrowed from Aramaic גוזא / ܓܘܙܐ (gawzā).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- nut in general (even nutmeg)From Aramaic גוזא / ܓܘܙܐ (gawzā).