ʾ b
17 lemmas · 9 languages
biliteralOnly two root consonants. Typical of very old grammatical cores (pronouns, particles, body-part basics). Often reconstructed with a weak third consonant that's been lost.📜 Gen.11.26
Themes:father· أَب · אָב·4august·3name· اِسْم · שֵׁם·3male· ذَكَر · זָכָר·2fatherhood·2
POS shape:noun·8name·5other·2adj·1root·1
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-bProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎀𐎁𐎀 𐎁— father
Canaanite
Hebrewאֲבָהִיא ב— fatherly
Phoenician𐤀𐤁𐤀 𐤁— in
Punic𐤀𐤁𐤀 𐤁— father
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאַבא ב— absolute form of אַבָּא (ʾabbā)
Assyrian NAܐܵܒܐ ܒ— August (eight month of the Gregorian calendar of thirty-one days, following July and preceding September)
Turoyoܐܒܐ ܒ— August
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩱𐩨𐩱 𐩨— father
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአብአ በ }— father
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- fatherFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-.
- enemyCognate to Akkadian 𒀀𒀀𒁍𒌝 (ayyābum), Hebrew אוֹיֵב (ʔoyeḇ).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma- in
Punic
irregular reflexpun · 1 lemma- father
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- father
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- absolute form of אַבָּא (ʾabbā)From Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum).
- AugustFrom Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 1 lemma- August (eight month of the Gregorian calendar of thirty-one days, following July and preceding September)Inherited from Aramaic אָב (ʾāḇ), from Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum); also borrowed into Arabic آب (ʔāb) and Hebrew אָב ('áv)
Hebrew
he · 6 lemmas- fatherly
- a male given name, Avner or AbnerFrom אָב (av, “father”) + נור (nur, “light”) or אָב (av, “father”) + נר (ner, “a candle”).
- a male given name, AbramFrom אָב (áv, “father”) + רָם (rám, “high”), literally “high father”.
- fatherhood, paternity
- Abiezer, the name of two Israelites.From אבי (aví, “Singular form of אב (av) with first-person personal pronoun as possessor”, literally “my father”) + עֵזֶר (ʿezer, “help, aid”), thus my father is help/aid.
- Related to paternity, fatherhood.
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- fatherFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔabw-.
- alternative form of አብ (ʾäb)
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- August